A Review of the Techniques to Measure the Hermeticity of Glass Frit Encapsulated Solar Cells

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Jorge Martins
Dzmitry Ivanou
Adélio Mendes

Abstract

Emerging 3rd generation photovoltaic technologies such as perovskite and dye-sensitized solar cells are very attractive for commercialization mainly due to their low-cost materials and fabrication processes. The main drawback of these devices is their poor long-term stability. To increase the long-term stability of these devices, a hermetic encapsulation is required. The hermeticity of encapsulated devices are measured and characterized using hermeticity tests according to standard test procedures. A review of the several techniques to measure the hermeticity is presented, addressing the test methods, limitations and applicability to perovskite and dye-sensitized solar cells glass frit encapsulated devices.

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Author Biographies

Jorge Martins, LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto

LEPABE - Laboratory for Process, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy

Faculty of Engineering

University of Porto

Rua Dr. Roberto Frias

4200-465 PORTO

Portugal

Dzmitry Ivanou, LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto

LEPABE - Laboratory for Process, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy

Faculty of Engineering

University of Porto

Rua Dr. Roberto Frias

4200-465 PORTO

Portugal

Adélio Mendes, LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto

LEPABE - Laboratory for Process, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy

Faculty of Engineering

University of Porto

Rua Dr. Roberto Frias

4200-465 PORTO

Portugal